Salicaceae
楊柳科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Flacourtiaceae 大風子科 ]
作者
LI, HUI-LIN and LO, HANN-CHUNG
型態特徵
Trees or shrubs, rarely scandent, mostly inermous, without milky latex. Leaves spirally arranged or distichous, rarely opposite, simple, petioled; blade often with base asymmetric; stipules usually small, rarely large, or absent. Flowers terminal, axillary or on old wood, solitary or in clusters or racemes, subtended by bracts, actinomorphic, bi- or unisexual and dioecious; sepals 3–6, rarely more, free or connate, imbricate or valvate, mostly persistent; petals 3–8, rarely more, or absent, imbricate or valvate; receptacle might deepen in the center, mostly with appendages as disk lobes, fine threads, petal-scales or staminodes; disk present or not, entire, lobed or dissolved into glands; stamens 5 to numerous, hypogynous, mostly free, or monadelphous; anther cells 2, longitudinally dehiscent; ovary mostly superior, rarely semi-inferior or inferior, 1-celled (except Flacourtia) with 2–10 parietal placentas, sometimes incompletely 2–10 celled by deeply penetrating placentas, each with 2 to numerous ovules; styles 1–10, free or connate; stigma sessile. Fleshy or dry berry, drup or loculicidally dehiscent capsule. Seeds 1 to many, sometimes arillate; endosperm copious; embryo axile; cotyledons mostly broad, foliaceous.
屬
Mostly tropics, 84 genera, ca 1,300 species. 6 genera with 6 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Salicaceae 楊柳科 ]
作者
YANG, KUOH-CHENG and HUANG, TSENG-CHIENG
型態特徵
Dioecious shrubs to trees. Leaves deciduous, simple, usually alternate, with deciduous stipules. Aments ascending or pendulous, developing before or with the leaves in early spring, solitary. Flowers simple, lacking a perianth, each subtended by a bract. Gland as protuberant nectary or cup-shaped disc. Stamens 2-30, free or connate. Ovary superior, bicarpellate, unilocular, stipitate or sessile; style present or absent; stigmas 2, entire or bifid, placentae parietal or basal. Capsules bivalvate. Seeds small; endosperm absent; embryo straight.
參考文獻
Scolopia 魯花樹屬
作者
LI, HUI-LIN and LO, HANN-CHUNG
型態特徵
Small trees or erect shrubs, often spiny. Leaves coriaceous, pinnately nerved, glabrous, shallowly crenate-serrate or entire, mostly with 2 marginal glands near base; stipules in leaf axils, minute, early caducous. Flowers in axils of leaves or fallen leaves, mostly in simple racemes, sometimes in fascicles, or solitary, bisexual; sepals 3–6, expanded gradually, before anthesis, persistent; petals as many as sepals, narrow, persistent; petals as many as sepals, narrowly imbricate or subvalvate, oval; stamens numerous, inserted on densely tomentose receptacle, downwards incurved in bud, longer than corolla; anthers dorsifixed; connective produced beyond the anther cells; disk-glands either 2 before each petal, orange, or absent; ovary with placentas 2–4, deeply penetrating; ovules few or numerous; style 1, rather long; stigma lobed. Berry globose-ellipsoid, tipped by persistent style (base), 1-numerous-seeded.
37 species from Africa, India, southeastern Asia to eastern Australia. Only one in Taiwan.
