Fagaceae

殼斗科

APG 4

Fagaceae 殼斗科

特徵描述

屬列表

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

LIAO, JIH-CHING

型態特徵

Evergreen or deciduous trees or shrubs. Leaves usually alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple, entire, wavy, serrate, echinate or cleft, petiolate; stipules caducous, pinnately veined, glabrous or tomentose beneath. Plants are monoecious, flowers small, apetalous. Staminate flowers in spikes (catkins) or heads, with 4–7-lobed perianth; stamens 3–12 or more, anthers glabrous or hairy, 2-celled, longitudinally dehiscent; reduced ovary present or not. Pistillate flowers solitary or 3–4-clustered, usually in short spikes, sometimes at the base of staminate catkins, with 4–8-lobed perianth adnate to the ovary; ovary 3–7-celled, placentation axile, ovules 2 in each cell, but only 1 in the ripened ovary; styles 3–10, rarely 1–2, usually as many as cells; stigmas pointed or enlarged with flat or tuberculate portion. Nuts ovoid, oblong, depressed-globose or 3-angled, enclosed partly or wholly in a cupule (involucre), glabrous or hairy or winged; cupules regularly or irregularly dehiscent or not, covered with imbricate scales, scales free or united into 6–11 concentric rings, smooth, muricate, tomentose or long-spined, spines simple or branched, hard or soft, often tuberculate-scaled; seed usually solitary by abortion, without endosperm, cotyledons 2, fleshy.

屬

Widely distributed in tropical, subtropical and temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, one genus in the southern hemisphere; about 10 genera and 600 species worldwide, eight genera with 60 taxa (including 41 native species, six introduced species., nine native varieties, one introduced variety and three native forms) in Taiwan.

參考文獻

LIAO, JIH-CHING, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 51. 1996. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
Hsu, Y. C. and H. W. Jen, Acta phytotaxonomica sinica eng 13(4): 9-26. 1975. (Acta Phytotax. Sin.)
Hsu, Y. C. and H. W. Jen, Acta phytotaxonomica sinica eng 14(2): 77-88. 1976. (Acta Phytotax. Sin.)
Li, H. L., Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 80(4): 317-324. 1953. (Bull. Torrey Bot. Club)
Liao, J. C., College of Agriculture, National Taiwan University 242. 1994.
Lin, W. F. and T. Liu, Bulletin of Taiwan Forestry Research Institute 110: 1-59. 1965. (Bull. Taiwan For. Res. Inst.)
Nakai, T., Journal of Japanese Botany 15(4): 185-204. 1939. (J. Jpn. Bot.)
Nakai, T., Journal of Japanese Botany 15(5): 527-276. 1939. (J. Jpn. Bot.)
Suzuki, H., Sylvia 2(2): 1-30. 1931.
Huang C. C., Y. T. Zhang and B. Bartholomew, Flora of China Family 4: 314-400. 1999. (Fl. China)

Quercus 櫟屬

作者

LIAO, JIH-CHING

型態特徵

Evergreen or deciduous trees, rarely shrubs, monoecious; buds with many imbricate scales, ellipsoid or 4-angular-ellipsoid; scales hairy or glabrous. Leaves atternate short-petiolate or subsessile, margins echinate, serrate, dentate, wavy, lobed, pinnatifid or entire. Flowers in axiilary catkins or spikes, the catkins or spikes often collected into terrminal panicles or corymbs; staminate catkins slender, erect or pendulous; staminate flowers sessile or nearly so; perianth 4–7-lobed, -cleft or -parted, lobes mostly imbricate, hairy or glabrous outside, nearly glabrous inside; stamens usually 4–7 (2–12), anthers almost glabrous, or densely to sparsely hairy. Pistillate flowers solitary or rarely a few together in spikes, each subtended by 1–2 bracteoles, sometimes pedicelled; perianth 4–6-lobed, urceolate; ovary 3 (1–5)-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, styles 3 (1–5), short or elongate-cylindrical, stigma capitate, or enlarged and flat or rarely pointed. Fruit a nut, usually solitary, partially enclosed by a cupule, subgolbose, globose or ellipsoid, with thin pericarp; cupules cup-shaped, scales numerous, imbricate flat, angled or spreading and triangular, lanceolate or linear, densely or loosely arranged; seed germination hypogeal.