特徵描述
作者
HSIEH, CHANG-FU, CHAW, SHU-MIAW and WANG, JENN-CHE
型態特徵
Herbs, shrubs, or trees, often with milky juice, sometimes fleshy and cactus-like. Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, simple or variously compound, mostly stipulate. Flowers monoecious or sometimes dioecious, mostly actinomorphic, variously disposed, with or without perianth, sometimes with a corolla; perianth valvate or imbricate; sepals and petals usually distinct; disc often present, annular or of separate glands. Staminate flowers variable, with stamens usually as many or twice as many as the petals or reduced to one, distinct or mona-delphous; anthers mostly 2-celled. Pistillate flowers with or without staminodes, often pedicellate; ovary superior, consisting of 3 or sometimes 2, or more than 3, united, 1-celled or rarely 2-celled carpels; styles 3, distinct or basally connate, each often 2-lobed; stigmas 3 or 6; placentation axile; ovules one or less commonly 2, pendulous. Fruit usually a schizocarpous capsule splitting often elastically into three 1-seeded cocci that dehisce ventrally, sometimes a drupe; seeds often with a conspicuous caruncle; endosperm mostly copious, fleshy; embryo straight.
屬
A very large family containing about 300 genera and 8,000 species, mostly tropical and subtropical; 27 genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Margaritaria 紫黃屬
作者
DENG, MEI-JIH & WANG, JENN-CHE
型態特徵
Dioecious (less often monoecious), shrubs or trees; foliage deciduous, new leaves appearing with flowers, distichous, branches with conspicuous lenticels. Leaves simple, alternate, chartaceous, entire, short-petiolate; stipule entire or denticulate, deciduous or subpersistent. Flowers in axillary clusters, but sometimes staminate (rarely) and pistillate (occasionally) flowers solitary; calyx-lobes usually 4, biseriate, often unequal; disc annular, entire or shallowly lobed, adnate to the base of calyx in both sexes. Staminate flowers: stamens usually 4, filaments free, anthers extrose, dehiscing longitudinally, pistillode absent; pedicels long. Pistillate flowers: styles free or basally connate, bifid to bipartite, sometimes dilate; ovary globose, 2–6-celled, ovules 2 in each cell, pedicels stout. Capsules globose, more or less lobed, irregularly dehiscent, the green reticulate exocarp usually breaking away from the pale papery endocarp. Seeds angled, the outer seedcoat fleshy, dark blue to purplish, the inner seed coat bony, smooth or invaginated at the chalazal end.
