Dioscorea 薯蕷屬
型態特徵
Twining vines with various tubers, dioecious. Stems terete, ridged or winged, pale green or violet, often bearing tubers (bulbils) in axils of leaves. Leaves simple, entire or palmately lobed, or compound with 3-7 leaflets; venation reticulate, with 3-11 nerves extending to apex, long- petiolate; petiole usually sulcate on upper surface, dilated at base or at both ends. Flowers in spikes, racemes or panicles, 1-many fasciculate in axils, regular, small; perianth segments six, in two series; staminate flowers with six fertile stamens, or sometimes three fertile stamens and three staminodes; anthers 2-celled; rudimentary ovary present or not; pistillate flowers with 0, 3, or 6 staminodes; pistil solitary; ovary inferior, 3-locular; placentation axile; ovules 2-many in each locule; style trifid, stigma bifurcate. Capsules 3-winged; seeds winged.
A rather large genus with more than 600 species, widely distributed in both hemispheres, with a high concentration of species in tropical America. In Taiwan, 14 species and 4 varieties in thickets or secondary forest in lowlands.
種列表
- Dioscorea alata 大薯
- Dioscorea batatas 家山藥
- Dioscorea benthamii 大青薯
- Dioscorea bulbifera 山芋
- Dioscorea codonopsidifolia 掌葉薯
- Dioscorea collettii 華南薯蕷
- Dioscorea cumingii 蘭嶼田薯
- Dioscorea doryphora 戟葉田薯
- Dioscorea esculenta var. spinosa 刺薯蕷
- Dioscorea formosana 台灣薯蕷
- Dioscorea hispida 白薯榔
- Dioscorea japonica 薄葉野山藥
- Dioscorea japonica var. oldhamii 細葉野山藥
- Dioscorea japonica var. pseudojaponica 基隆野山藥
- Dioscorea kaoi 圓錐花薯蕷
- Dioscorea ledermannii
- Dioscorea matsudae 裏白葉薯榔
- Dioscorea nummularia
- Dioscorea palauensis
- Dioscorea pentaphylla 五葉薯蕷
- Dioscorea persimilis 假山藥薯
- Dioscorea polystachya 長山藥
- Dioscorea raymundii
- Dioscorea sansibarensis 非洲薯蕷
- Dioscorea sp.
- Dioscorea tiliifolia
