Cyperaceae
莎草科
特徵描述
作者
KOYAMA, Tetsuo, KUOH, Chang-Sheng & LEONG, Wai-Chao
型態特徵
Perennial or annual herbs, grass-like or rush-like, rarely with elongated woody caudices. Culms generally trigonous and solid. Leaves radical and/or cauline; blade linear or lanceolate-elliptic, sheathing at base, occasionally reduced to nearly bladeless sheaths; ligules present or absent; abaxial side of leaf sheaths sometimes projected beyond sheath orifice forming a tongue-like appendage (contraligule). Inflorescences various, mostly corymbose, paniculate, spicate, racemose or heads, subtended by leafy bracts, bearing 1 to numerous spikelets. Spikelets with few to many glumes; glumes imbricate or 2-ranked on a simple axis (rachilla); all or some glumes bearing an axillary flower or at times a bisexual cymule in axil, or rarely rachilla determinate with a single terminal pistillate flower and spikelet bearing 0-few small staminate partial spikelets in axils of some glumes. Flowers hermaphroditic or unisexual, without perianth or perianth of 3-many bristles or scaly segments. Stamens generally 1-3. Pistil bi- or tri-carpellate; styles 2- or 3-(rarely to 8-) fid at apex; ovary unilocular, with a single anatropous ovule; fruit an achene.
屬
A family of more than 5,000 species in 70-120 genera, distributed throughout the world under all ecological conditions, with the highest generic concentration in tropical South America. The family is divided into five tribes: Cariceae, Cypereae, Mapanieae, Rhynchosporeae and Sclerieae.
參考文獻
Fimbristylis 飄拂草屬
作者
LIU, Ho-Yih
型態特徵
Annuals or rhizomatous perennials. Culms usually tufted, terete to 3-5-angular. Leaves basal, linear or reduced to bladeless sheaths; ligules absent, pubescent or membranaceous. Inlorescence terminal or rarely pseudolateral, often anthelate, sometimes reduced to a single spikelet; Involucral bracts leaf-like, glume-like or setaceous. Spikelets solitary or in cluster, terete, angular or strongly laterally compressed, few- to many-flowered; glumes spirally arranged, or rarely distichous, acropetally deciduous, each subtending a flower. Flowers bisexual, naked. Stamens 1-3. Style 2-3-fid, articulated with ovary, deciduous with its dilated base.
About 250 species, mostly in the tropics and subtropics. Twenty-four species and four varieties in Taiwan.
參考文獻
種列表
- Fimbristylis acuminata 尖穗飄拂草
- Fimbristylis aestivalis 小畦畔飄拂草
- Fimbristylis aestivalis var. esquarrosa 牧野氏飄拂草
- Fimbristylis alboviridis 白穗飄拂草
- Fimbristylis annua
- Fimbristylis bisumbellata 大畦畔飄拂草
- Fimbristylis complanata 野飄拂草
- Fimbristylis cymosa 乾溝飄拂草
- Fimbristylis cymosa var. microcephala
- Fimbristylis cymosa var. pycnocephala
- Fimbristylis cymosa var. umbellatocapitata
- Fimbristylis dichotoma 竹子飄拂草
- Fimbristylis diphylloides 擬二葉飄拂草
- Fimbristylis eragrostis 紫穗飄拂草
- Fimbristylis ferruginea 彭佳嶼飄拂草
- Fimbristylis ferruginea var. anpinensis 安平飄拂草
- Fimbristylis fosbergiana
- Fimbristylis fusca 暗褐飄拂草
- Fimbristylis glomerata
- Fimbristylis littoralis 木虱草
- Fimbristylis littoralis var. koidzumiana 小泉氏飄拂草
- Fimbristylis macassarensis 土城飄拂草
- Fimbristylis microcarya 台北飄拂草
- Fimbristylis microcarya var. tainanensis 台南飄拂草
- Fimbristylis miliacea 四稜飄拂草
- Fimbristylis monostachya 獨穗飄拂草
- Fimbristylis nutans 點頭飄拂草
- Fimbristylis ovata 卵形飄拂草
- Fimbristylis pauciflora
- Fimbristylis polytrichoides 高雄飄拂草
- Fimbristylis schoenoides 嘉義飄拂草
- Fimbristylis sericea 黃色飄拂草
- Fimbristylis sp.
- Fimbristylis squarrosa 大屯山飄拂草
- Fimbristylis subinclinata 知本飄拂草
- Fimbristylis tetragona 四方型飄拂草
- Fimbristylis thomsonii 鬼野飄拂草
- Fimbristylis tomentosa 絨毛飄拂草
- Fimbristylis tristachya
- Fimbristylis tristachya var. subbispicata 水蔥
- Fimbristylis umbellaris 繖形飄拂草
- Fimbristylis urakasiana
