特徵描述
作者
KOYAMA, Tetsuo, KUOH, Chang-Sheng & LEONG, Wai-Chao
型態特徵
Perennial or annual herbs, grass-like or rush-like, rarely with elongated woody caudices. Culms generally trigonous and solid. Leaves radical and/or cauline; blade linear or lanceolate-elliptic, sheathing at base, occasionally reduced to nearly bladeless sheaths; ligules present or absent; abaxial side of leaf sheaths sometimes projected beyond sheath orifice forming a tongue-like appendage (contraligule). Inflorescences various, mostly corymbose, paniculate, spicate, racemose or heads, subtended by leafy bracts, bearing 1 to numerous spikelets. Spikelets with few to many glumes; glumes imbricate or 2-ranked on a simple axis (rachilla); all or some glumes bearing an axillary flower or at times a bisexual cymule in axil, or rarely rachilla determinate with a single terminal pistillate flower and spikelet bearing 0-few small staminate partial spikelets in axils of some glumes. Flowers hermaphroditic or unisexual, without perianth or perianth of 3-many bristles or scaly segments. Stamens generally 1-3. Pistil bi- or tri-carpellate; styles 2- or 3-(rarely to 8-) fid at apex; ovary unilocular, with a single anatropous ovule; fruit an achene.
屬
A family of more than 5,000 species in 70-120 genera, distributed throughout the world under all ecological conditions, with the highest generic concentration in tropical South America. The family is divided into five tribes: Cariceae, Cypereae, Mapanieae, Rhynchosporeae and Sclerieae.
參考文獻
Cyperus 莎草屬
作者
KOYAMA, Tetsuo, KUOH, Chang-Sheng & LEONG, Wai-Chao
型態特徵
Annual or perennial sedges. Rhizome variable. Culms round to trigonous, solid. Leaf basal, 3-ranked, dorsi-ventral, rarely reduced to a bladeless sheath; Ligule none. Involucral bracts leafy. Inflorescence capitate to umbel-like or paniculate with several clusters of spikelets. Spikelets linear to oblong or elliptic, laterally compressed to terete, rachilla straight or zigzag, persistent. Glumes few to many, 2-ranked, all similar, deciduous or persistent, membranaceous to chartaceous or coriaceous, keel acute to obtuse. Flowers bisexual. Hypogynous bristles none. Stamens 1-3. Stigmas 3 or rarely 2; style. Achenes trigonous or dorsiventrally lenticular.
參考文獻
種列表
- Cyperus albescens 華湖瓜草
- Cyperus alternifolius 光桿輪傘莎草
- Cyperus amuricus 阿穆爾莎草
- Cyperus aromaticus 多葉水蜈蚣
- Cyperus brevifolius 短葉水蜈蚣
- Cyperus compactus 密穗磚子苗
- Cyperus compressus 扁穗莎草
- Cyperus cuspidatus 長尖莎草
- Cyperus cyperinus 莎草磚子苗
- Cyperus cyperoides 磚子苗
- Cyperus difformis 異花莎草
- Cyperus diffusus 多脈莎草
- Cyperus digitatus 恆春莎草
- Cyperus distans 疏穗莎草
- Cyperus elegans 秀麗莎草
- Cyperus eragrostis 頭穗莎草
- Cyperus esculentus 黃土香
- Cyperus exaltatus 無翅莎草
- Cyperus flavidus 球穗扁莎
- Cyperus haspan 畦畔莎草
- Cyperus imbricatus 覆瓦狀莎草
- Cyperus imbricatus ssp. elongatus 士林莎草
- Cyperus involucratus 風車草
- Cyperus iria 碎米莎草
- Cyperus javanicus 爪哇磚子苗
- Cyperus laxus 多脈莎草
- Cyperus leptocarpus 銀穗湖瓜草
- Cyperus malaccensis 茳芏
- Cyperus malaccensis ssp. monophyllus 單葉鹹草
- Cyperus mindorensis 單穗水蜈蚣
- Cyperus mitis 疏鱗莎草
- Cyperus nutans ssp. subprolixus 點頭莎草
- Cyperus odoratus 斷節莎
- Cyperus paniceus
- Cyperus pedunculatus 海濱莎
- Cyperus pennatus
- Cyperus pilosus 毛軸莎草
- Cyperus platystylis 寬柱莎草
- Cyperus polystachyos 多枝扁莎
- Cyperus procerus 擬毛軸莎草
- Cyperus prolifer 紙莎草
- Cyperus pumilus 矮扁莎
- Cyperus pygmaeus 矮莎草
- Cyperus radians 輻射磚子苗
- Cyperus rotundus 香附子
- Cyperus sanguinolentus 紅鱗扁莎
- Cyperus serotinus 水莎草
- Cyperus sesquiflorus ssp. cylindricus 圓筒穗水蜈蚣
- Cyperus sieberianus
- Cyperus sp.
- Cyperus sphacelatus 斑鱗莎草
- Cyperus stoloniferus 粗根莖莎草
- Cyperus sulcinux 墾丁扁莎
- Cyperus surinamensis 刺桿莎草
- Cyperus tenuiculmis 四稜穗莎草
- Cyperus tenuispica 窄翅莎草
- Cyperus tuberosus 假香附子
- Cyperus unioloides 水社扁莎
