Cyperaceae

莎草科

APG 4

Cyperaceae 莎草科

特徵描述

屬列表

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

KOYAMA, Tetsuo, KUOH, Chang-Sheng & LEONG, Wai-Chao

型態特徵

Perennial or annual herbs, grass-like or rush-like, rarely with elongated woody caudices. Culms generally trigonous and solid. Leaves radical and/or cauline; blade linear or lanceolate-elliptic, sheathing at base, occasionally reduced to nearly bladeless sheaths; ligules present or absent; abaxial side of leaf sheaths sometimes projected beyond sheath orifice forming a tongue-like appendage (contraligule). Inflorescences various, mostly corymbose, paniculate, spicate, racemose or heads, subtended by leafy bracts, bearing 1 to numerous spikelets. Spikelets with few to many glumes; glumes imbricate or 2-ranked on a simple axis (rachilla); all or some glumes bearing an axillary flower or at times a bisexual cymule in axil, or rarely rachilla determinate with a single terminal pistillate flower and spikelet bearing 0-few small staminate partial spikelets in axils of some glumes. Flowers hermaphroditic or unisexual, without perianth or perianth of 3-many bristles or scaly segments. Stamens generally 1-3. Pistil bi- or tri-carpellate; styles 2- or 3-(rarely to 8-) fid at apex; ovary unilocular, with a single anatropous ovule; fruit an achene.

屬

A family of more than 5,000 species in 70-120 genera, distributed throughout the world under all ecological conditions, with the highest generic concentration in tropical South America. The family is divided into five tribes: Cariceae, Cypereae, Mapanieae, Rhynchosporeae and Sclerieae.

參考文獻

KOYAMA, Tetsuo, KUOH, Chang-Sheng & LEONG, Wai-Chao, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 5: 191. 2000. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)

Carex 薹屬

作者

KOYAMA, Tetsuo, KUOH, Chang-Sheng & LEONG, Wai-Chao

型態特徵

Perennial herbs, monoecious or rarely dioecious. Leaves 3-ranked, radical and/or cauline, with linear or rarely lanceolate blade, base forming a closed sheath; radical sheaths often colored with brown, reddish brown, purple brown or dusky brown, often disintegrating into fibers and covering neck of rhizome. Inflorescence racemose, spicate, fasciculate or paniculate with 2 to many spikes, or a single terminal spike; lateral spikes usually with a utriculiform or ocreiform bracteole (cladoprophyll). Spikes wholly staminate (terminal one), wholly pistillate (lateral ones) or bisexual (androgynous when staminate flowers above, gynaecandrous when female flowers above). Spikelets reduced to a single flower. Staminate spikelets a triandrous naked staminate flower in axil of staminate glumes. Pistillate spikelet a single naked pistil contained in a bottle shaped prophyll (utricle/perigynium). Glumes spirally arranged on a simple axis of spikes, close together; staminate ones bearing an axillary staminate flower; pistillate ones bearing an axillary utricle. Utricles completely closed except at apical orifice through which style and stigma are exserted, 2-costate, nerved or nerveless; lower part (body) dilated, attenuated or contracted above to beaked or non-beaked apex; each utricle subtended by a pistillate glume. Fruit an achene, trigonous with 3 stigmas or lenticular with 2 stigmas, enclosed within utricle.