特徵描述
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, sap sometimes milky. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, simple or pinnately lobed or divided, estipulate. Flowers 1 to many, arranged in heads, heads solitary or variously arranged into synflorescences. Receptacle variously shaped, either glabrous, setose, or paleaceous, subtended by an involucre of one or more series of bracts (phyllaries). Florets bisexual or unisexual, occasionally neutral. Calyx represented by a pappus of diverse forms or seemingly absent. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular or discoid with 4 or 5 equal teeth or lobes or 2–5 lobes fused and elongate and forming a 2–5 toothed limb or ligule, or corolla bilabiate. Stamens 5, epipetalous, filaments distinct, anthers introrse, connate and forming a tube around style, apex usually appendaged, base often caudate or sagittate. Pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-celled; style simple, slender, usually bifid; ovule solitary, anatropous. Fruit an achene, often crowned with a setose, paleaceous, or plumose pappus. Endosperm absent.
屬
One of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 1,535 genera and about 23,000 species, cosmopolitan. About 84 genera and 221 species, plus 20 additional infraspecific taxa in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- PENG, Ching-I & CHUNG, Kuo-Fang; LI, Hui-Lin, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 807. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Bremer, K, Timber Press, Portland 752. 1994.
- Cronquist, S, American Midland Naturalist 53: 478-511. 1955. (Amer. Midl. Naturalist)
- Cronquist, S, Vascular Flora of the Southern United States. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill 1: 3-261. 1980.
- Hoffmann, O, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. IV 5: 87-391. 1894.
- Iwatsuki, K., T. Yamazaki, D. E. Boufford & H. Ohba, Flora of Japan. Vol. 3(b)-Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Sympetalae(b). Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, 181 pp . 1995.
- Kitamura, S, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 13: 1-421. 1937.
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- Kitamura, S, Pars quarta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 22(1): 77-126. 1955.
- Kitamura, S, Pars quinta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 23(1): 105-168. 1956.
- Kitamura, S, Pars sexta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 24(1): 1-79. 1957.
- Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(1): . 1983.
- Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 80(1): . 1983.
- Peng, C.-I & C. C. Hsu, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin 19: 53-56. 1978.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 78(1): . 1987.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 77(2): . 1989.
- Ling, Y. & Y. L. Chen (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 74: . 1985.
- Ling, Y. & Y. R. Ling (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(2): . 1991.
- Ling, Y. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 75: . 1979.
- Tseng, Y. C. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 79: . 1996.
Tridax 長柄菊屬
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves opposite, incised-toothed or pinnatisect, segments narrow. Heads long peduncled, heterogamous, radiate. Ray florets few, fertile, corolla with a slender glabrous tube and broad yellow or pale ligule, or 2-lipped with outer lip large, 3-lobed and inner lip small, 2-lobed or unlobed. Disc florets bisexual, fertile; corolla tube narrowly funnelform, tube short, limb elongate, 5-lobed. Involucre ovoid to campanulate; bracts various, inner ones broader than outer. Receptacle flat or concave, paleae membranaceous. Anthers linear, base short auriculate. Style branches of disc florets hairy apically, tips subulate. Achenes turbinate or oblong, much shorter than corolla. Pappus of many short or long, aristate, feathery bristles.
