特徵描述
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, sap sometimes milky. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, simple or pinnately lobed or divided, estipulate. Flowers 1 to many, arranged in heads, heads solitary or variously arranged into synflorescences. Receptacle variously shaped, either glabrous, setose, or paleaceous, subtended by an involucre of one or more series of bracts (phyllaries). Florets bisexual or unisexual, occasionally neutral. Calyx represented by a pappus of diverse forms or seemingly absent. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular or discoid with 4 or 5 equal teeth or lobes or 2–5 lobes fused and elongate and forming a 2–5 toothed limb or ligule, or corolla bilabiate. Stamens 5, epipetalous, filaments distinct, anthers introrse, connate and forming a tube around style, apex usually appendaged, base often caudate or sagittate. Pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-celled; style simple, slender, usually bifid; ovule solitary, anatropous. Fruit an achene, often crowned with a setose, paleaceous, or plumose pappus. Endosperm absent.
屬
One of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 1,535 genera and about 23,000 species, cosmopolitan. About 84 genera and 221 species, plus 20 additional infraspecific taxa in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- PENG, Ching-I & CHUNG, Kuo-Fang; LI, Hui-Lin, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 807. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Bremer, K, Timber Press, Portland 752. 1994.
- Cronquist, S, American Midland Naturalist 53: 478-511. 1955. (Amer. Midl. Naturalist)
- Cronquist, S, Vascular Flora of the Southern United States. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill 1: 3-261. 1980.
- Hoffmann, O, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. IV 5: 87-391. 1894.
- Iwatsuki, K., T. Yamazaki, D. E. Boufford & H. Ohba, Flora of Japan. Vol. 3(b)-Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Sympetalae(b). Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, 181 pp . 1995.
- Kitamura, S, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 13: 1-421. 1937.
- Kitamura, S, Pars secunda. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 15(3): 285-446. 1940.
- Kitamura, S, Pars tertia. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 16(3): 155-292. 1942.
- Kitamura, S, Pars quarta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 22(1): 77-126. 1955.
- Kitamura, S, Pars quinta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 23(1): 105-168. 1956.
- Kitamura, S, Pars sexta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 24(1): 1-79. 1957.
- Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(1): . 1983.
- Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 80(1): . 1983.
- Peng, C.-I & C. C. Hsu, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin 19: 53-56. 1978.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 78(1): . 1987.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 77(2): . 1989.
- Ling, Y. & Y. L. Chen (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 74: . 1985.
- Ling, Y. & Y. R. Ling (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(2): . 1991.
- Ling, Y. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 75: . 1979.
- Tseng, Y. C. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 79: . 1996.
Notoseris 紫菊屬
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Perennial herbs. Leaves entire to variously lyrate-pinnatisect. Heads few-flowered, in paniculate inflorescences. Involucral bracts purplish. Florets purple; corolla pilose. Achenes compressed, oblanceolate, many ribbed on each side, black to purplish, glabrous, without beak. Pappus bristles many, white or brownish, scabrid.
Lactuca L. and Prenanthes L., as circumscribed in the first edition of Flora of Taiwan, represented the two major members of the Lactuca-Prenanthes complex. Their generic boundaries have been unclear. Shih (1987, 1988), in his comprehensive studies, clarified this complex by examining fine characters of the involucre, heads and achenes. He proposed the genera Notoseris, Paraprenanthes and Pterocypsela for several groups of species that did not fit well in the traditional Lactuca and Prenanthes. His treatment is adopted here.
參考文獻
- PENG, Ching-I & CHUNG, Kuo-Fang; LI, Hui-Lin, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 1020. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Shih, C., Acta phytotaxonomica sinica eng 25(3): 189-203. 1987. (Acta Phytotax. Sin.)
- Shih, C., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 80(1): 211-219. 1997. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
