特徵描述
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, sap sometimes milky. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, simple or pinnately lobed or divided, estipulate. Flowers 1 to many, arranged in heads, heads solitary or variously arranged into synflorescences. Receptacle variously shaped, either glabrous, setose, or paleaceous, subtended by an involucre of one or more series of bracts (phyllaries). Florets bisexual or unisexual, occasionally neutral. Calyx represented by a pappus of diverse forms or seemingly absent. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular or discoid with 4 or 5 equal teeth or lobes or 2–5 lobes fused and elongate and forming a 2–5 toothed limb or ligule, or corolla bilabiate. Stamens 5, epipetalous, filaments distinct, anthers introrse, connate and forming a tube around style, apex usually appendaged, base often caudate or sagittate. Pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-celled; style simple, slender, usually bifid; ovule solitary, anatropous. Fruit an achene, often crowned with a setose, paleaceous, or plumose pappus. Endosperm absent.
屬
One of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 1,535 genera and about 23,000 species, cosmopolitan. About 84 genera and 221 species, plus 20 additional infraspecific taxa in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- PENG, Ching-I & CHUNG, Kuo-Fang; LI, Hui-Lin, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 807. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Bremer, K, Timber Press, Portland 752. 1994.
- Cronquist, S, American Midland Naturalist 53: 478-511. 1955. (Amer. Midl. Naturalist)
- Cronquist, S, Vascular Flora of the Southern United States. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill 1: 3-261. 1980.
- Hoffmann, O, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. IV 5: 87-391. 1894.
- Iwatsuki, K., T. Yamazaki, D. E. Boufford & H. Ohba, Flora of Japan. Vol. 3(b)-Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Sympetalae(b). Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, 181 pp . 1995.
- Kitamura, S, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 13: 1-421. 1937.
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- Kitamura, S, Pars quarta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 22(1): 77-126. 1955.
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- Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(1): . 1983.
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- Peng, C.-I & C. C. Hsu, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin 19: 53-56. 1978.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 78(1): . 1987.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 77(2): . 1989.
- Ling, Y. & Y. L. Chen (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 74: . 1985.
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Echinops 漏盧屬
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Large stout perennial herbs with white tomentum. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid or pinnatilobed, margins spiny. Heads 1-flowered, sessile, densely congested in compound involucrate globose balls. Involucral bracts of many imbricate series, rigid, pungent, sometimes spinescent, the outer shorter, needle-like, the inner spatulate, awned, the innermost linear or lanceolate, short-awned. Receptacles minute; florets all fertile. Corolla tubular, white or blue, tube slender, limb deeply 5-lobed. Stamens with glabrous filaments. Style with thick branches and a thick basal ring, spreading. Achenes elongate, densely villous. Pappus a crown of many short scale-like or connate bristles.
