Compositae

菊科

APG 4

Asteraceae 菊科

特徵描述

屬列表

標本列表

特徵描述

作者

PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin

型態特徵

Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, sap sometimes milky. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, simple or pinnately lobed or divided, estipulate. Flowers 1 to many, arranged in heads, heads solitary or variously arranged into synflorescences. Receptacle variously shaped, either glabrous, setose, or paleaceous, subtended by an involucre of one or more series of bracts (phyllaries). Florets bisexual or unisexual, occasionally neutral. Calyx represented by a pappus of diverse forms or seemingly absent. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular or discoid with 4 or 5 equal teeth or lobes or 2–5 lobes fused and elongate and forming a 2–5 toothed limb or ligule, or corolla bilabiate. Stamens 5, epipetalous, filaments distinct, anthers introrse, connate and forming a tube around style, apex usually appendaged, base often caudate or sagittate. Pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-celled; style simple, slender, usually bifid; ovule solitary, anatropous. Fruit an achene, often crowned with a setose, paleaceous, or plumose pappus. Endosperm absent.

屬

One of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 1,535 genera and about 23,000 species, cosmopolitan. About 84 genera and 221 species, plus 20 additional infraspecific taxa in Taiwan.

參考文獻

PENG, Ching-I & CHUNG, Kuo-Fang; LI, Hui-Lin, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 807. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
Bremer, K, Timber Press, Portland 752. 1994.
Cronquist, S, American Midland Naturalist 53: 478-511. 1955. (Amer. Midl. Naturalist)
Cronquist, S, Vascular Flora of the Southern United States. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill 1: 3-261. 1980.
Hoffmann, O, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. IV 5: 87-391. 1894.
Iwatsuki, K., T. Yamazaki, D. E. Boufford & H. Ohba, Flora of Japan. Vol. 3(b)-Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Sympetalae(b). Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, 181 pp . 1995.
Kitamura, S, Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 13: 1-421. 1937.
Kitamura, S, Pars secunda. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 15(3): 285-446. 1940.
Kitamura, S, Pars tertia. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 16(3): 155-292. 1942.
Kitamura, S, Pars quarta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 22(1): 77-126. 1955.
Kitamura, S, Pars quinta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 23(1): 105-168. 1956.
Kitamura, S, Pars sexta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 24(1): 1-79. 1957.
Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(1): . 1983.
Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 80(1): . 1983.
Peng, C.-I & C. C. Hsu, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin 19: 53-56. 1978.
Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 78(1): . 1987.
Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 77(2): . 1989.
Ling, Y. & Y. L. Chen (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 74: . 1985.
Ling, Y. & Y. R. Ling (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(2): . 1991.
Ling, Y. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 75: . 1979.
Tseng, Y. C. (ed.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 79: . 1996.

Cirsium 薊屬

作者

PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin

型態特徵

Perennial or biennial prickly herbs, simple or few-branched. Leaves alternate, serrate-dentate or pinnatifid, often very spinescent. Heads large, heterogamous, many flowered, discoid, long-peduncled, florets uniform, bisexual. Involucre globose or ovoid, bracts in many series, appressed, erect, spreading or recurved, prickly tipped or unarmed. Receptacle flat or convex, densely bristly. Corolla slender, purple, pink, white or yellow, tube slender, limb equal or obliquely 5-lobed. Filaments hairy or rarely glabrous; anthers sagittate at base, auricles connate, lacerate. Style branches short, obtuse. Achenes glabrous, obovoid, obtusely 4-angled, glabrous, smooth or ribbed, truncate apically, base areolate, nearly straight. Pappus copious, bristles in many series, slender, feathery, deciduous with a basal ring.