特徵描述
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, sap sometimes milky. Leaves alternate or opposite, rarely whorled, simple or pinnately lobed or divided, estipulate. Flowers 1 to many, arranged in heads, heads solitary or variously arranged into synflorescences. Receptacle variously shaped, either glabrous, setose, or paleaceous, subtended by an involucre of one or more series of bracts (phyllaries). Florets bisexual or unisexual, occasionally neutral. Calyx represented by a pappus of diverse forms or seemingly absent. Corolla gamopetalous, tubular or discoid with 4 or 5 equal teeth or lobes or 2–5 lobes fused and elongate and forming a 2–5 toothed limb or ligule, or corolla bilabiate. Stamens 5, epipetalous, filaments distinct, anthers introrse, connate and forming a tube around style, apex usually appendaged, base often caudate or sagittate. Pistil 1, ovary inferior, 1-celled; style simple, slender, usually bifid; ovule solitary, anatropous. Fruit an achene, often crowned with a setose, paleaceous, or plumose pappus. Endosperm absent.
屬
One of the largest families of flowering plants comprising about 1,535 genera and about 23,000 species, cosmopolitan. About 84 genera and 221 species, plus 20 additional infraspecific taxa in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- PENG, Ching-I & CHUNG, Kuo-Fang; LI, Hui-Lin, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 807. 1998. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Bremer, K, Timber Press, Portland 752. 1994.
- Cronquist, S, American Midland Naturalist 53: 478-511. 1955. (Amer. Midl. Naturalist)
- Cronquist, S, Vascular Flora of the Southern United States. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill 1: 3-261. 1980.
- Hoffmann, O, Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. IV 5: 87-391. 1894.
- Iwatsuki, K., T. Yamazaki, D. E. Boufford & H. Ohba, Flora of Japan. Vol. 3(b)-Angiospermae, Dicotyledoneae, Sympetalae(b). Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo, 181 pp . 1995.
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- Kitamura, S, Pars quarta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 22(1): 77-126. 1955.
- Kitamura, S, Pars quinta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 23(1): 105-168. 1956.
- Kitamura, S, Pars sexta. Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto Imp. Univ., Ser. B, Biol 24(1): 1-79. 1957.
- Ling, Y. & C. Shih (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 76(1): . 1983.
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- Peng, C.-I & C. C. Hsu, Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin 19: 53-56. 1978.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 78(1): . 1987.
- Ling, Y. & S. W. Liu (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 77(2): . 1989.
- Ling, Y. & Y. L. Chen (eds.), Fl. Reipubl. Popul. Sin 74: . 1985.
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Carpesium 天名精屬
作者
PENG, Ching-I, CHUNG, Kuo-Fang & LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Branched perennials. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed. Heads disciform, heterogamous, terminal or axillary, sessile or peduncled, usually pendulous. Involucres subglobose or depressed-globose, bracts 3- or 4-seriate, outer ones herbaceous or with foliaceous tips, inner ones dry, broad, obtuse. Receptacle flat, glabrous. Outer florets pistillate, in many series, fertile, slender, corollas 3- to 5-toothed. Central disc florets bisexual, fertile, slender, many, corolla-limb slightly dilated, 4- or 5-toothed, yellowish. Base of anthers sagittate, with slender tails. Style branches of central florets linear, rather flat, obtuse. Achenes elongate, glabrous, many-grooved, with a short glandular beak, crowned by a cartilaginous ring. Pappus absent.
