Aster 紫菀屬
型態特徵
Mostly perennial herbs, subshrubs or shrubs, seldom annual or biennial herbs. Leaves simple, alternate, those of basal rosettes usually dissimilar to cauline leaves, those of peduncle often bract-like, mostly dentate. Heads heterogamous, solitary and terminal or variously corymbosely or paniculately arranged, radiate, rarely discoid. Involucral bracts in 2–6 imbricate, usually graduated series, margins herbaceous. Receptacle naked, often flat or convex, pitted or alveolate. Ray florets pistillate and fertile, in 1 (–2) series, ligules white, pink, blue or purple. Disc florets mostly yellow, all bisexual and fertile, corolla regular, narrowly tubular or funnelform, limb sometimes abruptly dilated at throat, 5-lobed. Anthers obtuse or subauriculate at base, with narrow scarious terminal appendages. Style of ray florets filiform, style of disc florets with flattened branches and linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate appendages longer than stigmatic area. Achenes oblong-obovoid, mostly somewhat compressed, usually pubescent. Pappus usually in 1 row, similar in ray and disc florets, sometimes very short or absent, or only absent in ray florets, rarely in 2 rows with an outer row of shorter scale-like bristles.
A large, complex genus of more than 600 species, cosmopolitan in distribution. In Taiwan, about 16 species, one of which is represented by two varieties.
種列表
- Aster ageratoides 山白蘭
- Aster altaicus 台東鐵桿蒿
- Aster arenarius 濱狗娃花
- Aster chingshuiensis 清水馬蘭
- Aster formosanus 台灣山白蘭
- Aster hispidus 狗娃花
- Aster indicus 雞兒腸
- Aster itsunboshi 大武山紫菀
- Aster kanoi 鹿野氏馬蘭
- Aster lasiocladus 絨山白蘭
- Aster laurureanus 傷食草
- Aster morrisonensis 玉山鐵桿蒿
- Aster oldhamii 台灣狗娃花
- Aster ovalifolius 台灣紺菊
- Aster shimadai 島田氏雞兒腸
- Aster sp.
- Aster subulatus 掃帚菊
- Aster subulatus var. sandwicensis 澤掃帚菊
- Aster taiwanensis 台灣馬蘭
- Aster takasagomontanus 雪山馬蘭
- Aster taoyuenensis 桃園馬蘭
- Aster turbinatus var. turbinatus 陀螺紫菀
