特徵描述
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI
型態特徵
Small herbs, shrubs or trees, usually aromatic; stems branched or not, nodes swollen. Leaves opposite or alternate, serrate, pinnately veined; petioles often connate by a horizontal ridge on stem or by a short sheath at base; stipules small, subulate, subtending petiole or inserted on margins of sheath. Flowers small, unisexual or bisexual, in terminal or pseudo-axillary spikes, heads or panicles; each flower subtended by bracts; perianth of bisexual flower absent; stamens 1 or 3, either connate below or united into a 3-toothed body adnate to ovary, filaments very short and thick, fleshy, anthers 2-celled, introrse or lateral; perianth of pistillate flower present; ovary inferior, 1-celled, styles very short, linear or absent, stigma sessile; ovule 1, orthotropous, pendulous from top of cavity. Fruit a drupe, small, fleshy, indehiscent, ovoid or globose; exocarp more or less succulent; endocarp hardened. Seed solitary, pendulous, testa membranaceous; embryo minute, with copious fleshy endosperm, far from hilum.
屬
Genera three, with about 25 species, mainly in tropical and subtropical (not African) regions. Two genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Sarcandra 接骨木屬
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI
型態特徵
Glabrous subshrubs with jointed nodes. Leaves opposite, mostly elliptic-lanceolate to obovate, serrate to crenate-serrate, occasionally glandular-mucronate, pinnately veined; bases of petioles connate; stipules minute, with 2 projections on each side. Inflorescences terminal, usually 3, the median one generally racemose, sessile; bracts single, deltoid, concave, persistent; flowers hermaphroditic; perianth absent; stamen 1, fleshy, club-shaped to dorsiventrally compressed, adnate to ovary, anthers 2-celled, introse, dehiscing longitudinally; ovary ovoid, 1-celled, style absent, stigma subcapitate; ovule 1, pendulous, orthotropous. Fruit drupaceous; seeds globose; endosperm abundant; embryo minute.
