特徵描述
作者
YING, SHAO-SHUN
型態特徵
Annual or perennial herbs, often suffrutescent; stems often swollen at nodes. Leaves simple, opposite, entire, stipulate or exstipulate. Flowers actinomorphic, bisexual or rarely unisexual, solitary or in cymes; sepals 4-5, free or united into a tube, imbricate, often with membranaceous margins, persistent; petals as many as the sepals, very rarely absent, often entire, toothed or lobed, often clawed, sometimes with appendages (ligules, coronal scales) on the inner side; stamens (0-)3-10, often alter-nating with the petals and usually of the same number, the filaments slender, sometimes cohering at base, the anthers 2-locular, dehiscent longitudinally; ovary superior, sessile or short stipitate, 1-locular or imperfectly 2- to 5-locular at base, with free central placentation, styles 2-5, free or partially connate; ovules mostly numerous. Fruit a capsule, opening by teeth or valves, as many as or twice the styles, rarely rupturing irregularly, baccate, or indehiscent; seeds with endosperm and a more or less curved peripheral or excentric embryo.
屬
Nearly 80 genera with about 2,000 species, distributed throughout the world, but most abundant in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. Ten genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Dianthus 石竹屬
作者
YING, SHAO-SHUN
型態特徵
Annual or perennial herbs, rarely fruticose. Leaves opposite, narrow, parallel-veined, each pair connate at base. Flowers solitary or in cymes or heads, large, showy; bracteoles (epicalyx scales) 2-many, closely appressed to the calyx; calyx tubular without, scarious, with commissures or commissural veins, 5-lobed at apex; petals 5, long-clawed, entire, toothed or fimbriate but never bifid, without appendages; stamens 10; ovary often with stipe-like gynophore, 1-celled, styles 2. Capsules cylindric or oblong, dehiscing by 4-teeth or valves at apex; seeds numerous, peltate or rounded, with facial hilum.
參考文獻
- YING, SHAO-SHUN, Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 354. 1996. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Williames, F. N., The journal of the Linnean Society of London. Botany 29: 346-378. 1983. (J. Linn. Soc., Bot.)
種列表
- Dianthus alpinus
- Dianthus arenarius
- Dianthus armeria
- Dianthus barbatus 鬚苞石竹
- Dianthus chinensis 石竹
- Dianthus chinensis var. laciniatus
- Dianthus deltoides 小石竹
- Dianthus japonicus 日本石竹
- Dianthus longicalyx 長萼瞿麥
- Dianthus monspessulanus
- Dianthus palinensis 巴陵石竹
- Dianthus pygmaeus 玉山石竹
- Dianthus pygmaeus f. albiflorus 白花玉山石竹
- Dianthus seguieri 林生石竹
- Dianthus seisuimontanus 清水山石竹
- Dianthus sp.
- Dianthus virgineus
