Caprifoliaceae
忍冬科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科 ]
作者
YANG, Kuoh-Cheng and CHIU, Shau-Ting
型態特徵
Mostly shrubs or woody vines, rarely small trees or herbs. Leaves opposite, simple or pinnately compound; stipules absent or very small. Inflorescence basically cymose or with pairs of flowers which are sometimes joined toward bases of ovaries. Flowers bisexual, regular or irregular; calyx 4- or 5-toothed or lobed, tube adnate to ovary; corolla epigynous, gamopetalous, lobes 5, spreading, sometimes 2 lipped, mostly imbricate in bud; stamens (4-)5, arising from corolla tube, alternate with lobes, anthers free, 2-loculed, opening by longitudinal slits, mostly introrse; carpels 3–5, united, ovary inferior, locules 1–5, style single, stigma capitate or lobed; placenta axile; ovules 1-many in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a berry or a achene-like drupe, rarely a capsule. Seeds 1-many, embryo small, straight; endosperm copious.
屬
About 18 genera and over 450 species, mostly in temperate regions of eastern North America and eastern Asia; four genera and 24 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Valerianaceae 敗醬科 ]
作者
KAO, Muh-Tsung & DEVOL, Charles E.
型態特徵
Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves radical or cauline and opposite, entire, pinnatifid or pinnate; stipules absent. Flowers bracteate, sessile, cymose, bisexual, sometimes polygamous or unisexual, usually small; bracts sometimes fused to form an an outer epicalyx; calyx tube adnate to ovary, plumose or sometimes coronate; corolla superior, gamopetalous, tubular, infundibuliform or rotate, with a spur at base, segments 3–5, often equal, imbricate in bud; stamens 1–4, rarely 5, adnate to corolla tube, alternate with the lobes; ovary inferior, 1–3-celled, ovules 1 per cell, one locule fertile; style solitary, filiform, slender, stigma 2 or 3-lobed or capitate; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a cypselate achene, 1-seeded; seed pendulous; embryo straight.
參考文獻
Scabiosa 山蘿蔔屬
作者
LI, Hui-Lin
型態特徵
Herbs, annual or perennial, more or less woody at base. Leaves entire to dentate or dissected. Flowering heads flat, depressed-globose or ovoid-conical, many-flowered, long-pedunculate; involucral bracts herbaceous, in 1 or 2 series; receptacle bracts linear, small or absent; flowers blue, yellow, rose or white, marginal flowers usually larger and radiate; calyx bristly, of 5 setae, united at base, persistent, outer calyx or involucel adnate to achene, with free cup-like limb; corolla limb 4- or 5-lobed, subequal or oblique or 2-lobed; stamens 4, rarely 2; ovary inferior; style filiform. Achene crowned by persistent calyx.
About 80 species in Europe, Asia and Africa, rare in the tropics; one naturalized species in Taiwan; a number of ornamental species from Europe are sometimes cultivated.
