特徵描述
作者
YANG, Kuoh-Cheng and CHIU, Shau-Ting
型態特徵
Mostly shrubs or woody vines, rarely small trees or herbs. Leaves opposite, simple or pinnately compound; stipules absent or very small. Inflorescence basically cymose or with pairs of flowers which are sometimes joined toward bases of ovaries. Flowers bisexual, regular or irregular; calyx 4- or 5-toothed or lobed, tube adnate to ovary; corolla epigynous, gamopetalous, lobes 5, spreading, sometimes 2 lipped, mostly imbricate in bud; stamens (4-)5, arising from corolla tube, alternate with lobes, anthers free, 2-loculed, opening by longitudinal slits, mostly introrse; carpels 3–5, united, ovary inferior, locules 1–5, style single, stigma capitate or lobed; placenta axile; ovules 1-many in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a berry or a achene-like drupe, rarely a capsule. Seeds 1-many, embryo small, straight; endosperm copious.
屬
About 18 genera and over 450 species, mostly in temperate regions of eastern North America and eastern Asia; four genera and 24 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
Sambucus 接骨木屬
作者
YANG, Kuoh-Cheng and CHIU, Shau-Ting
型態特徵
Small gynodioecious trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous perennials; branches with stout pith. Leaves with or without stipules, imparipinnate, or incompletely bipinnate, rarely laciniate; leaflets serrate or divided, opposite or alternate. Flowers actinomorphic, articulated with pedicel, mostly white, in terminal, flat or convex corymbs or panicles; flowers sometimes dimorphic or some of them forming glandular nectaries; bracts mostly absent, bracteoles 1 or absent; calyx-tube short, limb 3–5-parted; corolla rotate; lobes 3–5, valvate; stamens 5, inserted on base of corolla; filaments filiform, erect; anthers oblong, cells free, attached in middle. Ovary 3–5-celled, ovule 1 per cell; stigmas 3 or 5, short, broad, on a cushion-like style. Fruit a berry-like drupe 3–5-seeded; seeds more or less flat, back, convex, granulate; embryo more or less as long as seed, terete.
