Caprifoliaceae
忍冬科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Caprifoliaceae 忍冬科 ]
作者
YANG, Kuoh-Cheng and CHIU, Shau-Ting
型態特徵
Mostly shrubs or woody vines, rarely small trees or herbs. Leaves opposite, simple or pinnately compound; stipules absent or very small. Inflorescence basically cymose or with pairs of flowers which are sometimes joined toward bases of ovaries. Flowers bisexual, regular or irregular; calyx 4- or 5-toothed or lobed, tube adnate to ovary; corolla epigynous, gamopetalous, lobes 5, spreading, sometimes 2 lipped, mostly imbricate in bud; stamens (4-)5, arising from corolla tube, alternate with lobes, anthers free, 2-loculed, opening by longitudinal slits, mostly introrse; carpels 3–5, united, ovary inferior, locules 1–5, style single, stigma capitate or lobed; placenta axile; ovules 1-many in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a berry or a achene-like drupe, rarely a capsule. Seeds 1-many, embryo small, straight; endosperm copious.
屬
About 18 genera and over 450 species, mostly in temperate regions of eastern North America and eastern Asia; four genera and 24 species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Valerianaceae 敗醬科 ]
作者
KAO, Muh-Tsung & DEVOL, Charles E.
型態特徵
Herbs or rarely shrubs. Leaves radical or cauline and opposite, entire, pinnatifid or pinnate; stipules absent. Flowers bracteate, sessile, cymose, bisexual, sometimes polygamous or unisexual, usually small; bracts sometimes fused to form an an outer epicalyx; calyx tube adnate to ovary, plumose or sometimes coronate; corolla superior, gamopetalous, tubular, infundibuliform or rotate, with a spur at base, segments 3–5, often equal, imbricate in bud; stamens 1–4, rarely 5, adnate to corolla tube, alternate with the lobes; ovary inferior, 1–3-celled, ovules 1 per cell, one locule fertile; style solitary, filiform, slender, stigma 2 or 3-lobed or capitate; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit a cypselate achene, 1-seeded; seed pendulous; embryo straight.
參考文獻
Lonicera 忍冬屬
作者
YANG, Kuoh-Cheng and CHIU, Shau-Ting
型態特徵
Deciduous or evergreen shrubs or woody vines. Leaves simple, entire or rarely lobed, sessile or short petiolate, or sometimes connate, entire, estipulate or rarely with intrapetiolar stipules. Inflorescences axillary or terminal. Flowers pedunculate, paired, each pair with 2 bracts and 4 bracteoles, bracteoles often connate and covering ovary, rarely absent or flowers in sessile whorls; calyx 5-toothed, tube ovoid; corolla with slender or short tube, gibbous or straight at base, limb subequally 2-lipped, lobes 5; stamens 4 or 5, inserted on upper corolla tube, anthers introrse, mostly exserted; ovary inferior, 2 or 3 celled; style slender, stigma capitate; ovules several per cell in double rows. Fruit a berry, 1–3-celled; seeds few in each cell, ovoid or oblong; endosperm fleshy; embryo cylindric.
About 200 species throughout the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere; about seven species in Taiwan.
