作者

LAMMERS, Thomas G.

型態特徵

Perennial herbs, less often annual, biennial, shrubs, or trees, with milky latex. Leaves alternate (sometimes opposite or whorled), simple, exstipulate. Flowers perfect or rarely imperfect, pendulous or erect, sessile or pedicellate, solitary (terminal or axillary) or in various types of inflorescences; calyx adnate to ovary, forming a hypanthium, usually 5-lobed; corolla sympetalous, actinomorphic or zygomorphic, valvate, usually 5-lobed; stamens usually 5, alternate with corolla lobes; filaments distinct or connate, free or adnate to corolla; anthers distinct or coherent or connate around style; ovary inferior and adnate to hypanthium (rarely superior and free), 2–5(–10)-celled, with axile placentation (rarely 1-celled with parietal, apical, or basal placentation); style solitary, with a ring of hairs below apex; stigma lobes 2–5(–10); ovules numerous (rarely solitary or few). Fruit a capsule or berry.

屬

Eighty genera and over 2,300 species, worldwide but with the greatest concentration of species in Africa and South America. Recently divided into five subfamilies, two of which are represented in the native flora of Taiwan: Campanuloideae by six genera and eight species (two endemic), Lobelioideae by one genus and five species. One additional genus of each is represented by a single naturalized species. In addition, several species are cultivated as ornamentals, in particular Lobelia erinus L. of South Africa and Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC. of mainland Asia and Japan. The genusSphenoclea, formerly assigned to Campanulaceae, is discordant and has been removed to its own family, Sphenocleaceae.

引用文獻

• LAMMERS, Thomas G., Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 775. 1998.  (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit., 台灣植物誌第二版)
• Hong, D. Y., Y. S. Lian, and L. D. Shen., Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 73(2): 1-177. 1983.  (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
• Lammers, T. G., Phytogeography and Botanical Inventory of Taiwan. Pages 43–61. Academia Sinica, Taipei . 1992.
• Lammers, T. G., Novon 8: 36-37. 1998.
• Kao, M. T. and C. E. DeVol., Flora of Taiwan 4: 737-764. 1978.  (Fl. Taiwan, 台灣植物誌)
• Shimizu, T., Flora of Japan 3a: 405-418. 1993.  (Fl. Jap., 日本植物總覽)