Asparagaceae
天門冬科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Agavaceae 龍舌蘭科 ]
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Shrubs or perennial stout herbs; rhizome subterranean; stem woody or not, short or elongate. Leaves usually aggregated at base of stem or occasionally crowded at apex of branches; blade fleshy to coriaceous, often spine-tipped or with spiny margins. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic to zygomorphic, in racemes, spikes or panicles, sometimes in a large thyrse; perianth free or more or less highly connate; tube short to rather long; segments 6, equal to subequal; stamens 6, arising from perianth tube or from base of perianth segments, filaments free, anthers medifixed, linear, 2-celled; cells longitudinally dehiscent; ovary superior to inferior, 3-locular, placentation axile, or rarely 1 locular; ovules 2-numerous, 1-2-seriate superposed, rarely solitary; style and stigmas various. Fruit a loculicidally dehiscent capsule or baccate, or dry and indehiscent; seeds one to many, globose or somewhat compressed.
屬
About 18 genera, more than 500 species mainly in tropical and subtropical regions of the world; four genera, native and introduced, in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Liliaceae 百合科 ]
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Annual, biennal or perennial herbs; sometimes subshrubs or even shrubs, very rarely climbing; usually with a subterranean bulb, tuber, corm or rhizome, sometimes producing superterranean bulbils or rooting buds; stem present or absent; often erect or nearly so. Leaves simple, alternate or rarely verticillate to subopposite, membranaceous to chartaceous, or coriaceous or fleshy, some reduced to scales. Flowers mostly bisexual, rarely unisexual; actinomorphic to slightly zygomorphic, solitary, or in racemes, spikes panicles, umbels or subumbels; tepals mostly 6, rarely 4 or 8, free or connate at base and forming a tube, equal or more or less unequal. Stamens 6, rarely to 12 or fewer, hypogynous or adnate to and always opposite tepals; filaments free or variously connate; anthers 2-celled, oblong to linear, opening by a lengthwise slit or rarely by a terminal pore. Ovary usually superior, rarely half inferior, mostly 3-celled, rarely 1-celled or 4-celled; ovules numerous in each cell, biseriate, rarely 2, placentas parietal; style mostly 1, entire or more or less 3-fid. Fruit a berry or capsule; capsules loculicidal or septicidal; seeds solitary to numerous, endosperm abundant, fleshy or cartilaginous; embryo straight or curved.
參考文獻
Yucca 金棒蘭屬
作者
YING, Shao-Shun
型態特徵
Shrubs or small trees, stem erect, elongate to short, sometimes stemless, simple or rarely branched upward. Leaves crowded at apex of branches and stem or in rosettes at surface of ground, numerous, linear to lanceolate, chartaceous to coriaceous. Inflorescences terminal, in racemes or panicles, erect. Flowers numerous, rather large, showing, white, creamy or violet, cup or saucer-shaped, often nodding; perianth segments 6, ovate to oblong, somewhat fleshy; stamens 6, inserted on torus, much shorter than perianth, filaments curved outward at apex, anthers sagittate; ovary superior, sessile or short stipitate, 3-celled; ovules numerous in each cell; style short, with a well-developed central channel. Fruit a capsule or berry; seeds numerous, flat, black.
More than 40 species native of the warmer parts of North America, especially abundant in dry and desert regions; 3 species often cultivated in Taiwan as ornamentals.
