Araliaceae
五加科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Araliaceae 五加科 ]
作者
OHASHI, HIROYOSHI Aralia by OHASHI, HIROYOSHI and LU, SHENG-YOU
型態特徵
Shrubs, trees, or rarely perennial herbs, often prickly, sometimes scandent. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple or compound; stipules present or absent. Inflorescence terminal, usually umbels or heads, sometimes racemose or spicate, the umbels or heads solitary, racemose, corymbose, paniculate or umbellate. Bracts usually small and deciduous. Flowers regular, mostly small, bisexual, polygamous or dioecious. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, lobes small or reduced to a rim, or rarely absent. Petals 5–10, valvate or imbricate, usually free. Stamens 5–10, alternate with and inserted on the petals at the edge of the disc, the anthers versatile, introrse, the locules 2, longitudinally dehiscent. Disc epigynous, fleshy, annular. Ovary inferior or half inferior, 1–15 ¬celled, the styles as many as the cells, free or connate; ovules solitary, anatropous. Fruit baccate or drupaceous; seeds solitary in pyrenes, the embryo small, the endosperm uniform or ruminated. X= 11, 12.
屬
About 60 genera and more than 800 species, in the tropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Ten genera in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- OHASHI, HIROYOSHI. 1993. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 3: 986. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Hoo, G. & Tseng, C. J. 1978. Fl. Reipub. Popul. Sin. 54.
- Philipson, W. R. 1979. Fl. Malesiana 9: 1-105.
[ Umbelliferae 繖形科 ]
作者
KAO, MUH-TSUEN
型態特徵
Perennial or annual herbs, rarely suffrutescent, caulescent or acaulescent; roots often thick,tuberous or fusiform; stems erect or creeping, usually fistulose or solid. Leaves alternate, simple or prominently divided and compound, the upper petioles frequently embracing young inflorescence with a dilated sheath-like base. Flowers yellow, white, pink, purplish or violet, bisexual or polygamous, in simple or compound umbels, sometimes capitate; calyx 5-toothed; petals 5, valvate or slightly imbricate in bud, free, deciduous, often incurved at apex; stamens 5, alternate with petals. the filaments filiform, incurved in bud; ovary inferior, bilocular; styles 2, often accrescent, usually with stylopodium; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a schizocarp, bilocular, separating into 2 carpels (mericarps), these usually suspended from the top of the central column called carpophore, with 5 primary ribs and sometimes 4 intermediate or secondary ones; vittae (oil-tubes) often present; seeds with abundant endosperm and a small embryo.
參考文獻
- KAO, MUH-TSUEN. 1993. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 3: 1010. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Hiroe, M. 1958. 1-219.
- Ohwi, J. 1965. 667-686.
- Walker, E. H. 1976. Fl. Okinawa and southern Ryukyu Is. 789-799.
Dendropanax 樹參屬
作者
OHASHI, HIROYOSHI Aralia by OHASHI, HIROYOSHI and LU, SHENG-YOU
型態特徵
Unarmed, glabrous trees or shrubs, occasionally slightly pubescent. Leaves simple, entire or sometimes palmately 3–5-lobed, often pellucid-glandular (visible under transmitted light); stipules small, scarcely united within the petioles or absent. Flowers bisexual or polygamous, umbellate, the umbels solitary or compound, simple or racemosely or paniculately arranged; bracts small or absent; pedicels not articulate under the flower; calyx margin entire or 5-dentate; petals 5, valvate; stamens 5, the anthers oval or oblong; ovary 5-celled; styles distinct or united throughout their whole length or only at the base and spreading at tips; disc fleshy, slightly conical. Fruit globose or ellipsoid, distinctly or obscurely 5-angular; seeds laterally compressed; endosperm uniform.
About 30 species in tropical America and eastern to southeastern Asia; two species in Taiwan.
