作者

OHASHI, HIROYOSHI Aralia by OHASHI, HIROYOSHI and LU, SHENG-YOU

型態特徵

Shrubs, trees, or rarely perennial herbs, often prickly, sometimes scandent. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple or compound; stipules present or absent. Inflorescence terminal, usually umbels or heads, sometimes racemose or spicate, the umbels or heads solitary, racemose, corymbose, paniculate or umbellate. Bracts usually small and deciduous. Flowers regular, mostly small, bisexual, polygamous or dioecious. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, lobes small or reduced to a rim, or rarely absent. Petals 5–10, valvate or imbricate, usually free. Stamens 5–10, alternate with and inserted on the petals at the edge of the disc, the anthers versatile, introrse, the locules 2, longitudinally dehiscent. Disc epigynous, fleshy, annular. Ovary inferior or half inferior, 1–15 ¬celled, the styles as many as the cells, free or connate; ovules solitary, anatropous. Fruit baccate or drupaceous; seeds solitary in pyrenes, the embryo small, the endosperm uniform or ruminated. X= 11, 12.

屬

About 60 genera and more than 800 species, in the tropical and temperate regions of both hemispheres. Ten genera in Taiwan.

參考文獻

作者

KAO, MUH-TSUEN

型態特徵

Perennial or annual herbs, rarely suffrutescent, caulescent or acaulescent; roots often thick,tuberous or fusiform; stems erect or creeping, usually fistulose or solid. Leaves alternate, simple or prominently divided and compound, the upper petioles frequently embracing young inflorescence with a dilated sheath-like base. Flowers yellow, white, pink, purplish or violet, bisexual or polygamous, in simple or compound umbels, sometimes capitate; calyx 5-toothed; petals 5, valvate or slightly imbricate in bud, free, deciduous, often incurved at apex; stamens 5, alternate with petals. the filaments filiform, incurved in bud; ovary inferior, bilocular; styles 2, often accrescent, usually with stylopodium; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Fruit a schizocarp, bilocular, separating into 2 carpels (mericarps), these usually suspended from the top of the central column called carpophore, with 5 primary ribs and sometimes 4 intermediate or secondary ones; vittae (oil-tubes) often present; seeds with abundant endosperm and a small embryo.

參考文獻