Amaranthaceae
莧科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Amaranthaceae 莧科 ]
作者
LIU, TANG-SHUI and KAO, MUH-TSUEN
型態特徵
Erect, prostrate or scandent annual or perennial herbs, rarely undershrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple, entire or obsoletely serrate-dentate, extipulate. Flowers small, greenish, white, pink, rarely yellow, actinomorphic, usually bisexual, in spikes, heads, racemes or panicles; bracts and bracteoles often scarious, the bracteoles sometimes hooked; perianth segments 3–5, free or nearly so, imbricate, more or less dry and membranaceous, mostly falling with fruit, rarely persistent; stamens as many as and opposite the perianth segments, hypogynous, filaments usually united at base into a cup or tube, often with staminodes between them, anthers 1 or 2-celled; ovary of 2 or 3 united carpels, superior, 1-celled, with 1 to many ovules on a basal funicle, the style present or not, stigma capitate or 2 or 3-fid. Fruit mostly an utricle or a circumscissile capsule, rarely a berry or drupe; seeds often lenticular, smooth; embryo annular, surrounding the mealy endosperm.
屬
Genera about 64, with about 800 species mainly in the tropical regions of the world; nine genera with 19 species, including some introduced ones, in Taiwan.
參考文獻
[ Chenopodiaceae 藜科 ]
作者
LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Annual or perennial herbs, sometimes shrubs or small trees. Stems often succulent or jointed, sometimes both. Leaves alternate or opposite, simple, usually exstipulate. Flowers small, actinomorphic, usually green, bisexual or unisexual, sometimes polygamous, usually wind pollinated, solitary or in small clusters in leaf axils or in axillary bracteate fascicles or panicles; perianth uniseriate, sometimes wanting; tepals mostly 5, free or connate at base or connate almost to apex; stamens usually as many as and opposite tepals, epitepalous; ovary superior or rarely half inferior, 2-5-carpellate, unilocular, with single ovule, styles 1-3, sometimes wanting, stigmas as many as carpels. Fruit a one-seeded utricle or rarely an achene; seeds with abundant perisperm, true endosperm absent.
參考文獻
- LIU, HO-YIH. 1996. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 2: 382. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Kung, H.-W. and Tsien, C.-P. 1979. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae 25(2): 1-194. (Fl. Reip. Pop. Sin.)
- Larsen, K. 1989. Flore du Cambodge, Laos, Viêtnam 24: 88-100.
Atriplex 濱藜屬
作者
LIU, HO-YIH
型態特徵
Annual or perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves sessile or petiolate, alternate or lower ones opposite, usually mealy pubescent, margin entire or toothed. Inflorescence an axillary or terminal spike or panicle, or flowers solitary. Flowers unisexual, plants monoecious or dioecious; staminate flowers without bracts, tepals and stamens 3-5, ovary vestigal or absent; pistillate flowers subtended by 2 accrescent bracts, tepals absent or rarely present and then 3-5, stamens absent, ovary globose. stigmas 2. Fruit a utricle with membranaceous pericarp, enclosed by persistent bracts; seeds 1, usually vertical.
About 300 species, cosmopolitan; two species in Taiwan.
參考文獻
種列表
- Atriplex angustifolia
- Atriplex calotheca var. macuasefala
- Atriplex halimoides
- Atriplex hastatum
- Atriplex hortensis 榆錢菠菜
- Atriplex hymenelytra
- Atriplex laciniata
- Atriplex latifolia 草地濱藜
- Atriplex leptocarpa
- Atriplex littoralis
- Atriplex littoralis var. angustissima
- Atriplex littoralis var. rhynchetheca f. dentata
- Atriplex maximowicziana 馬氏濱藜
- Atriplex nitens
- Atriplex nummularia 台灣濱藜
- Atriplex oblongifolia 草地濱藜
- Atriplex pedunculata
- Atriplex portulacoides
- Atriplex rosea
- Atriplex saliuim
- Atriplex tarfaricum
- Atriplex tatarica 韃靼濱藜
- Atriplex vesicaria
