Acanthaceae
爵床科
特徵描述
註：依本站目前採用的分類系統，本科部分屬在《Flora of Taiwan》中分屬不同科，因此以下依植物誌使用的科名分列特徵描述。
[ Acanthaceae 爵床科 ]
作者
HSIEH, Chang-Fu and HUANG, Tseng-Chieng
型態特徵
Perennial herbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite and decussate, estipulate, simple, mostly entire or nearly so; cystoliths common on vegetative parts. Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary or in 2-many-flowered inflorescences, bisexual, frequently in axils of bracts; each flower often with 2 or occasionally more bracteoles; calyx lobes 4 or 5; corolla sympetalous, more or less zygomorphic, hypogynous, segments contorted to imbricate in bud; stamens 4, didynamous, or 2, inserted on corolla tube; staminodes sometimes present; filaments free or basally connate or connected by a membrane; anthers 1- or 2-celled, in latter inserted at same or different levels, basally spurred or not, dehiscing lengthwise; disc present; ovary superior, sessile on disc, 2-locular; placentation axile; ovules 2 or more in each locule, anatropous, in 2 rows; style 1, entire or shortly and often unequally bifid. Capsule usually elastically loculicidally 2-valved, 1-many-seeded; seeds usually compressed and partly surrounded by the hardened funicle (retinaculum); endosperm usually absent.
屬
A family of about 346 genera and over 4,300 species, mostly in the warmer parts of the world; 15 genera, about 32 species with three varieties in Taiwan.
參考文獻
- HSIEH, Chang-Fu and HUANG, Tseng-Chieng. 1998. Flora of Taiwan, second edition 4: 648. (Fl. Taiwan 2nd edit.)
- Bremekamp, C. E. B. 1944. Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Amsterd. Afd. Naturk. Tweede Sect. 2 41(1): 1-306.
- Graham, V. A. W. 1988. Kew bulletin 43(4): 551-624. (Kew Bull.)
- Yamazaki, T. 1991. Journal of Japanese Botany 66(5): 303-306. (J. Jpn. Bot.)
[ Verbenaceae 馬鞭草科 ]
作者
YANG Yuen-Po , LU Sheng-You and CHEN Tien-Tsai
型態特徵
Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or rarely verticillate, simple or compound, estipulate. Inflorescence terminal or axillary, cymes, racemes, spikes or thyrses, sometimes capitate. Flowers bisexual or polygamous, zygomorphic or sometimes actinomorphic. Calyx gamosepalous, persistent, 4 or 5-lobed. Corolla gamopetalous, 4 or 5-lobed, lobes equal to subequal sometimes with a conspicuous lip. Stamens 4, didynamous and unequal or equal, alternate corolla lobes. Ovary superior, 2–8-locular, ovules 1 or 2 per locule, entire or 4-lobed, style terminal, stigma simple or bifid. Fruit a drupe or capsule, sometimes breaking up into nutlets. Seeds 1–4, usually without endosperm.
參考文獻
Dicliptera 華九頭獅子草屬
作者
HSIEH, Chang-Fu and HUANG, Tseng-Chieng
型態特徵
Diffuse herbs. leaves ovate, acute, entire or obscurely undulate. Flowers sometimes in lax panicles, usually in flabelliform groups of 2–4 in leaf axils, often combined into a terminal spike, 2 flowers enclosed within a flat involucre composed of 2 appressed bracts; bracteoles small, linear or linear-lanceolate; calyx 5-partite, segments narrow, acute; corolla pink, resupinate by torsion of tube, tube slender, widened apically, limb bilabiate, upper lip (turned downwards) entire or emarginate, lower lip (turned upwards) shortly 3-lobed; stamens 2, long-exserted; anthers 2-celled, at unequal levels; disc cupular; ovary 4-ovulate; style filiform, shortly bifid. Capsule ovoid, placentae separating elastically from wall on dehiscence; seeds 2 or 4.
Nearly 150 species in the tropical and temperate regions worldwide; one species in Taiwan.
