台灣植物誌 第二版  Flora of Taiwan, 2^nd edition    Vol. 5

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brous on margins and alone costas, gradually narrowed into a very long apex; sheaths trigonous, densely
overlapping, narrowly to broadly winged, scabrous on angles; contraligule dark brown, round to somewhat
depressed, densely ciliate on margin. Inflorescence consisting of 3-5 dense compound panicles,
20-50 cm long; panicles single or binate, peduncles spreading, exserted, scabrous; lowest bracts slightly
longer than inflorescence. Spikelets unisexual, single or in clusters of 2-3; pistillate spikelets ovoid, 3.5-
4 mm long. Staminate spikes lanceolate, 3.5-4 mm long; stamens 3. Achene ovoid to broadly ovoid, terete,
2-3 mm long, white to slightly grayish, shining, smooth to scrobiculate, umbonulate, sparsely
puberulent; hypogynium 3-lobed, thick, deltoid, obtuse or dentate at apex.
Southeastern Asia. Taiwan in forest and thickets in south.
Taitung: Lanyu Is., T. A. Y. Yang et al. 11850, Leong 1939.
7. Scleria sumatrensis Retz., Obs. 5: 19, pl. 2. 1789; Koyama, Fl. Taiwan 5: 195. 1978. �L���ï]�T
Perennial. Rhizome short creeping, woody. Culms rather robust, loosely tufted, erect to scrambling
on bushes, 1-4 m tall, 6-8 mm thick, scabrous on angles. Leaves in middle part of culms clustered in
pseudo-whorls of 3-5, rather many, 7-13 mm wide, herbaceous to slightly coriaceous, glabrous, scabrous
on margins and alone costas, gradually narrowed into a very long apex; sheaths trigonous, densely
overlapping, narrowly to broadly winged, scabrous on angles; contraligule dark brown, round to somewhat
depressed, densely ciliate on margin. Inflorescence consisting of 2-4 dense compound panicles,
15-30 cm long; panicles single, forming pseudo-whorl, peduncles spreading, exserted, scabrous; lowest
bracts slightly shorter to as long as inflorescence. Spikelets unisexual, reddish to purplish brown, single
or in clusters of 2-3; pistillate spikelets broadly ovoid, 3.5-4 mm long. Staminate spikes lanceolate, 3.5-
4 mm long. Achene globose to slightly depressed, terete, 2-2.25 mm long, dark grayish to olivaceous
brown, shining, smooth to cancellate, umbonulate, sparsely puberulent; hypogynium cup-like, covering
most part of achene, yellowish to reddish brown, slightly 3-lobed, obtuse or dentate at apex.
Sri Lanka, India, southern China, southeastern Asia, Australia and W. Caroline. In forest, thickets,
grassy place, swamp and mangrove. In Taiwan, only one collection from the south part.
PINGTUNG: Bankingsing, Faurie 5 (KYO; not seen).
8. Scleria terrestris (L.) Fassett, Rhodora 26: 159. 1924; Koyama, Fl. Taiwan 5: 196, pl. 1318. 1978.
���ͬï]�T Pl. 118, Photo 37
Zizania terrestris L., Sp. Pl. 991. 1753.
Perennial. Rhizome short creeping, woody. Culms slender to rather robust, loosely tufted, erect to
scrambling on bushes, 60-200 cm tall, 3-6 mm thick, glabrous to pubescent, scabrous on angles. Leaves
rather many, 4-20 mm wide, herbaceous to slightly coriaceous, glabrous, scabrous on margins and alone
costas, gradually narrowed into a very long apex; sheaths trigonous, narrowly to broadly winged, scabrous
on angles; contraligule dark brown, round to somewhat depressed, ciliate to pubescent on margin.
Inflorescence consisting of 2-4 compound panicles, 10-50 cm long; panicles single, peduncles ascending,
scabrous, long-exserted to 20 cm long; lowest bracts slightly surpassing inflorescence. Spikelets
unisexual or gynodioecious, purpurish to dark brown, single or in clusters of 2-3; pistillate spikelets
broadly ovoid, 3.5-5 mm long. Staminate spikes lanceolate to oblong, 3-4 mm long. Achene globose to
ovate, 2-3 mm in diam., terete to obtusely trigonous, white to slightly grayish, shining, smooth to cancellate,
pubescent between lacunae; hypogynium shallowly 3-lobed, lobes appressed to achene, ovate to
broadly ovate, obtuse or minutely dentate at apex.
Widely distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, from India, Sri Lanka, China, Japan, southeastern
Asia and Australia. Taiwan, in wet place alone forest margin and thickets at low altitude, common.
Taipei: Nankang, Chuang 4659; Chiayi: Chukou, Kuoh 4505; Pingtung: Nanjenshan, Li 227.
24. TORULINIUM Desv. �_�`����