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Perennial. Rhizome short creeping, woody. Culms slender, loosely tufted, 30-90 cm tall, 1-3 mm
thick, glabrous to scabrous on angles. Leaves 2-8 mm thick, herbaceous, glabrous to densely pubescent,
gradually narrowed toward acutish apex; sheaths trigonous, narrowly to broadly winged, scabrous on
angles; contraligule round, somewhat depressed, pubescent or hirsute on margin. Inflorescence elongate,
consisting of 2-3 panicles; terminal panicles oblong, 5-13 cm long; lateral panicles single, somewhat
reduced, spike-like or nearly so; branches short; peduncles scabrous, erect, exserted from bractsheath;
lowest bracts slightly surpassing inflorescence. Spikelets unisexual, in clusters of 2-4; pistillate
spikelets obovoid, 4-6 mm long, sanguineous. Staminate spikes lanceolate to oblong, 3-4 mm long.
Achene globose to slightly ovate, 1.75-2.5 mm in diam., terete to obtusely trigonous, apex round to apiculate,
white to slightly grayish, shining, smooth to pubescent; hypogynium deeply 3-lobed, lobes
appressed to achene, ovate to lanceolate, acute or minutely dentate at apex.
Widely distributed from India, Sri Lanka, southern China, Japan, southeastern Asia, Australia and
pacific Islands. Taiwan, in forest and thickets to 1,500 m.
Nantou: Kuohsing, Leong 1608; Tainan: Hsinhua, C. S. Kuoh; Chiayi: Tsangwan Dam, Leong 1482; Pingtung:
Kangkou, Leong 1093. Taitung: Lanyu Is., Kuoh 5002.
4. Scleria lithosperma (L.) Sw., Prodr. 18. 1788; Koyama, Fl. Taiwan 5: 195. 1978. ۪Gï]T
Scirpus lithosperma L., Sp. Pl. 51. 1753.
Perennial. Rhizome short creeping. Culms slender, loosely tufted, 40-80 cm tall, 1-2 mm thick,
smooth, glabrous. Leaves 1.5-4 mm wide, rigid, canaliculate, scabrous on margins, gradually narrowed
toward obtusish apex; sheaths trigonous, wingless, pubescent; contraligule depressed, ciliate. Inflorescence
consisting of 3-4 distantly borne very loose narrow panicles; 20-35 cm long; spike-like or nearly
so; peduncles ascending, exserted from bract-sheath; lowest bracts much longer than inflorescence.
Spikelets bisexual, single or in clusters of 2-3, 3-5 mm long; stamens 1 or rarely 2. Achene ovoid to
slightly oblong, 2-2.75 mm long by 1.75-2 mm wide, terete to obtusely trigonous, apex round, white,
shining, smooth to minutely umbonulate, with three depressions at base; hypogynium reduced to a
minutely glandular ring concrete with base of achene.
Pantropical. Taiwan, in rocky place in the south, rarely collected.
Pingtung: Kenting, Peng 7138.
5. Scleria rugosa R. Br., Prodr. 240. 1810; Koyama, Fl. Taiwan 5: 199. 1978. KGï]T
Annual. Rhizome weak, poorly developed. Culms slender, loosely tufted, 10-35 cm tall, 0.5-1.5 mm
thick, glabrous. Leaves 2-4 mm thick, soft, smooth to pubescent, abruptly narrowed to short obtusish
apex; sheaths trigonous, narrowly winged, scabrous on angles; contraligule round to deltoid, ciliolate on
margin. Inflorescence consisting of 2-3 panicles, single or binate at nodes; leaf-like bracts elongate, surpassing
inflorescence. Spikelets unisexual, greenish, single or binate, greenish. Fruiting spikelets
broadly obovoid, 3-4 mm long. Staminate spikes lanceolate, 2-2.5 mm long. Achene globose to slightly
depressed, terete, 1.25-1.75 mm in diam., apex round to apiculate, white to slightly grayish, smooth to
transversely wrinkled above, sometimes tuberculate; hypogynium thick, shallowly 3-lobed, appressed
to achene, densely cellular-glandular, orbicular, obtuse at apex.
India, Sri Lanka, southern China, Japan, southeastern Asia, Australia and pacific Islands. Taiwan, in
wet grassy field and swamp at low altitude.
Taipei: Shulin, Odashima 17830; Taoyuan: Sasaki s. n. 1925; Chiayi: Chiayi City, Lin s. n. 1999.
6. Scleria scrobiculata Nees & Mey. Ex Nees, Wight. Contrib. 117. 1834. ï]T
Perennial. Rhizome short creeping, woody. Culms robust, loosely tufted, erect to scrambling on
bushes, 80-200 cm tall, 4-8 mm thick, scabrous on angles. Leaves in middle part of culms clustered in
pseudo-whorls of 3-5, rather many, 4-20 mm wide, herbaceous to slightly coriaceous, glabrous, sca-
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